Sociology Of The Life Course Essay - 1826 Words

Hunter McCullough Sociology of the Life Course April 18, 2016 â€Å"Ageism† is a concept that has been around for a very long time. According to a philosopher named Seneca, who lived sometime between 4 BC through 65 AD, â€Å"Senectus morbidus est† which has been translated to say, â€Å"old age is a disease.† However, when Seneca said this the idea of categorizing this behavior as â€Å"ageism† was not thought of yet. This behavior did not get its name till 1969, after Robert N. Butler coined the term, â€Å"ageism.† The act of ageism is something we all try to avoid. However, most of the time we do not register the things that people around us say or do as being under the umbrella of ageism. All though we don’t always see it, ageism is something that happens almost every day in our normal life. For example, ageism is when a coworker is forced to retire because they are a specific age. There are many researchers such as Tom Robinson, Becca R. Levy and many more who have done studies to show how things like Facebook, movies, and varies other outlets of media influence the positive and negative stereotypes that deal with ageism. The problem with these negative stereotypes becoming more common in our media outlets, is that people are being more easily exposed to them. Because of this excessive exposure to the stereotypes of ageism, a question is brought to mind, â€Å"How dose this increasing exposure to the positive and negative stereotypes about ageing in our media, effect how our younger populationShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Sociological Imagination1389 Words   |  6 PagesConsequently, for a person that has completed a basic introduction to sociology college course and actually paid attention, I would hope that they have been exposed to some basic taste of the sociological imagination. Over the past three and a half years as a student of Sociology at State University, I believe my own sociological imagination has grown exponentially, and I have been able to apply it to different elements of my daily life. With this paper, I will split it up into three main sections regardingRead MoreThree Disciplines1097 Words   |  5 PagesThe Three Disciplines all appeal to me in some ways, but if I had to choose between anthropology, psychology, and sociology, I would have to choose psychology. The reasoning behind it will be explained in detail but it can be broken down to three main reasons; being the first discipline with verified results and facts rather than unproven theories, having more post-high school opportunities considering that I wish to pursue a career in business, and being the most in-depth discipline. PsychologyRead MoreSociology : Social Relationship, Development And Function Of Human Society986 Words   |  4 PagesSociology is the study of social relations hip, development and function of human society. Throughout the course of sociology you can lean many things about your society and even your self. Sociology will change the way you look at life and might be able to reflect on future designs or ideas. When enrolling in sociology you will be able to have a set of skills to see sociology, have the knowledge of sociology, and have values of sociology. By having skills, knowledge, and values you will be able understandRead MoreGraduate Admissions Personal Statement : How Society And Social Stratification Affects Our Daily Lives1248 Words   |  5 PagesStatement I have always been passionate about how society and social stratification affects our daily lives. I believe these issues are relevant to everyone, in everyday life, and sociology affects everyone on a personal level. When I was an undergraduate student, I had a professor that opened up my mind to the study of sociology. It was at that time, that I decided, I loved the subject so much that I wanted to someday teach it on a post-secondary level. It is a subject that has broadened my horizonsRead MoreEssay Sociology: Manifest and Latent Functions1035 Words   |  5 PagesA large topic in sociology is the concept of manifest and latent functions; a manifest function is simply the known or anticipated results of an action, while a latent function is the unknown (at the time) and unanticipated results of the action (Macionis, 2013, pg. 13). To make it really simple say I ate twelve cookies. Why? Because I like the flavor and expect them to taste yummy (manifest function), but I did n ot intend on getting a stomach ache afterwards (latent function). There are manifestRead MoreI Have Always Admired The Act Of Teaching960 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough all of my hard work and to use it towards helping another person gain that knowledge and to watch them become more intelligent and more confident knowing that I was the one who guided them. I landed into a sociology course my last year of high school and I was blown away. It was a course like no other with constant classroom discussions about different people, different places and different lifestyles all thrown into one big pot. It reminded me of an episode of chopped on the food network whereRead MoreSociology Is The Scientific Study Of Society And Human Behavior895 Words   |  4 Pagesto the Marriam Webster dictionary, the simple definition of sociology is â€Å"the study of society, social institution, and social relationships. Based on the textbook, â€Å"sociology is the scientific study of society and human behavior† (G-6). Through the two definitions, one can deduce that the study of Sociology is a discipline that explains and analysis the human culture in terms of their social relationships and social institutions. Sociology is a study that explains the social world which human beingsRead MoreMy Passion For The Field Of Psychology1091 Words   |   5 Pageseducational background in psychology and sociology as an undergraduate has prepared me for a career working with minority ethnic groups and immigrants dealing with trauma due to political violence. With every undergraduate course I took preparing me for a future career in this field, a select courses confirmed my desire working with my chosen population; Personality Theories (psychology), Genocide and Human Rights (sociology), Culture and Diversity (sociology), Social Psychology, Abnormal psychologyRead MoreDorothy E. Smith1454 Words   |  6 PagesDorothy Edith Smith â€Å"Feminist Standpoint Theory and Institutional Ethnography† 1926- Dorothy E. Smith was born in North England in 1926. Dorothy E. Smith has lived a long life and commonly refers to it as â€Å"a long time ago and another world†. According to Smith, she has grown from the young woman to now due to several experiences. Smith has been employed in many different capacities such as a secretary and a clerk. In her Mid-twenties, she worked at a book publishing company. Smith attemptedRead MoreWhat Are Ten Ways We Can Build Support For The Humanities?975 Words   |  4 Pagesto have the ability to read, speak and write. Putting various resources into education for children and adults that no not have the access to read and write. Building a gallery, museums, and libraries is a people in general in the humanities-and sociology related exercises. Expanding examination subsidizing through the National Endowment for the Humanities. Making programs such as the Boys and Girl club for children that are in Pre-Kindergarten to 12th grade can help them i nteract with other kids

Gun Control Essay - 1353 Words

Gun Control Gun control is an action of the government that is supposed to reduce crime. Congress has passed many laws on this subject and there really has not been an effect. Gun control has been a controversial issue for years, but the citizens of the United States have a right to own guns and the Constitution states that. On the governments path to control guns they created the Brady Act. Handgun Control Incorporated is the major organization for lobbying, and introducing legislation on gun control. It is headed by Sarah Brady, wife of former White House Press Secretary James Brady. James Brady was shot during an attempt on President Reagans life in 1981. Sarah is the one responsible for introducing this bill. This bill was†¦show more content†¦Parents of three slain girls in the Heath School shootings are going after the manufacturers. They feel that violent video games are partially responsible for their childrens death. They claim that the video game taught the shooter how to be an excellent marksman. The boy had never used a gun, but was skilled enough to hit eight moving targets in only eight shots (Prichard). Another fact that backs up the parents belief is that of military training. Each year billions of dollars are spent to train police and the military how to shoot. Video simulation is the best way to help overcome the natural resistance that most people have about shooting someone. Studies show that people are extraordinary susceptible to programming. One main difference between military training and video games is that military instructions are constantly pausing the action and where the video game is in constant action (Blakemore). There is no direct relationship between the number of guns and the amount of crime in the United States. Between 1973 and 1992, the rate of gun ownership increased by forty-five percent while the homicide rate during that period fell by nearly ten percent. Even with the increasing number of guns in society the homicide rate decreased, highlighting that guns are not the root of the problem, people are. Guns do not kill people, people kill people. Guns do not work asShow MoreRelatedGun Control766 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control Paper Gun Control has been an issue that has been brought to the public’s eyes in recent years. This main issue has been going on for many years, for example when John F. Kennedy was assassinated; it raised public awareness to the lack of control on sales and also possession of guns in America. Until 1968 guns were available over the counter in stores and through mail catalogs to just about any adult in America. This was an example of how loosely guns were regulated which bring usRead MoreGun Violence And Gun Control1007 Words   |  5 Pagesshootings and various other methods of gun violence, tens of thousands of people die every year. These gun-related deaths primarily originate from murder and children accidentally shooting themselves. Although those in favor of gun control tend to believe that guns should be terminated completely, the second amendment prevents lawmakers from being able to do so. Therefore, in order to combat these causes, alternative gun control solutions mu st be made for each one. Gun-related murders can be decreasedRead MoreThe Gun Laws And Gun Control965 Words   |  4 Pagesoriginate from the accessibility of guns, but rather the actions of an individual that has disregard for life in today s society. There will always be ways for the offender commit crimes with or without guns. What is being done about gun control? We have all heard of all the tragedies throughout the country regarding guns. According to the President (2013) We know that we cannot stop every act of violence with guns, but what if we tried to stop even one? Weapon controls in the U.S. is structured atRead MoreGun Control For Gun Violence880 Words   |  4 PagesIn 2015, 13,367 people lost their lives due to gun violence according to Gun Violence Archive. The Archive also states that out of that number, 693 were children from ages 0-11. We can all agree that there is indeed a problem that we have to address. The solution to that problem, however, has been debated by many. I believe the solution to this problem exists in three parts: Mandatory training and licensing along with more heavily secure gun storage, stricter regulations on the purchasing of a firearm—disabilitiesRead MoreGuns And Their Effect On Gun Control962 Words   |  4 PagesGuns and the ability to use them have been under attack in the United States and many other places throughout the World. There are groups of people that believe that as long as we have the right to bear arms that many unprotected people will lose their lives due to gun violence. There are many trends that come with gun violence and where these mass shooting occur, but a main one is that when a place legally prohibits carrying a weapon then that is where the most gun violence happens. Where guns areRead MoreGuns And Gun Control855 Words   |  4 PagesThe rise in cases of gun violence and related incidences of assault has drawn the public to the issue of guns and gun control. Such has been evident within the spheres of politics especially with the last election period seeing the incumbent president Donald Trump suggesting on stringent gun control laws. However, despite the acknowledgment of the need to have better gun laws, much ground and consensus has never reached. Such, to an extent, contributed to the current lack of political goodwill withinRead MoreThe I ssue Of Gun Control Essay868 Words   |  4 Pages Gun Control Gun Control. Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection. Detroit: Gale, 2016. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 30 Apr. 2016. In this website, it discusses the debatable topic of gun control. In the article titled Gun Control, it states that the â€Å"The United States is the leader in per-capita gun deaths among industrial nations.† The main point of this article was to get the point across about the controversy that this has brought into the United States, not only does it quote influentialRead More Gun Control Essay1065 Words   |  5 Pages Gun Control Throughout America there is the constant debate concerning the second amendment or the right to bare arms. One day an innocent kid walking home from school gets shot in a drive by shooting is he just a victim of circumstance or could this of been easily prevented. There are lobbyist for the private ownership of guns and lobbyist for legislation to ban personal possession of guns for good. In this paper I hope that just maybe I can persuade you to think differently on a topic that’sRead MoreThe Assault Of Gun Control920 Words   |  4 PagesGun control has become a hot topic in the United States as of now. There will be those who are for guns and those who are against guns. Those who are for guns, assert that it is our right to bear arms according to the 2nd amendment and those who are against guns, believe that guns are unnecessary and cause more violence. Assault weapons, in particular, have caused too many deaths and the government needs to put a ban on assault weapons. First and foremost, assault weapons have claimed the livesRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesGuns have become a serious issue in today’s society. There have been incalculable incidents that involved a gun causing physical harm to a person. This can occur when guns are not properly stored in a safe location. House Bill 75 has been proposed to help solve this problem. With this bill set in place, if a minor has the ability to access a firearm unauthorized, the person responsible for that firearm will receive criminal penalties. As a matter of a fact, there have been cases reported about

International Marketing Chocolate

Question: Discuss about theInternational Marketing for Chocolate. Answer: Introduction Chocolate is one type of food product that is liked by every age group of people. It has cocoa butter that is loved by almost everybody and can be eaten at any time of the day as a desert or used between meals. Chocolates are used as a gift for the love birds and couples. It is one of the deserts loved by most youths. Haigh's Chocolates is a business owned by the Haigh family since 1915. They source the best cocoa beans around the world and take them through various processes hence providing quality chocolates for their clients. It is the first Australian owned chocolate manufacturer to achieve a certificate of UTZ for the use of ethically and sustainably farmed cocoa beans (Emmanuel 2008, pp. 128-136). The processes are undergone to enhance color and flavor of the chocolate. There are different unique blends of the chocolate, and each blend has its aroma and flavor for fresh and sweet taste fulfilling the customers' desires ( Ferret 2012). Chocolates vary in shapes to cater the consumers interests. There are loose, blocks, novelties, bars, confectionery and boxed chocolates. There are after sale services where chocolates are packaged delivered anywhere in Australia. Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning of Haigh's Chocolates Segmentation Segmentation involves finding out different types of consumers and their needs, and consumers are the ones that make up a market. Many factors lead to the diverse characteristics of customers. For a business to capture a larger market or many consumers, it needs to divide the market into various segments. Segmentation helps the business enterprise to understand how different consumers react to promotion, the channel of communication, the price of the product and other tools of the market mix (Constantin 2012, pp. 3948). Given the fact that it is hard to cater for every consumer needs, it is important to employ segmentation since it helps to come up with various groups of customers sharing common characteristics. There are some factors that Haigh's has considered in achieving segmentation. Firstly, it has reviewed demographic variables. This mostly bases on dividing consumers into different groups, such as age, gender, income, location, education, and occupation. Haigh's chocolates have considered most of the demographic variables, for example, basing on location, one can order and control the delivery of chocolate. Distribution is made in a random manner, and in almost all parts of Australia, therefore, the consumer just has to order and name the place, and it is delivered. According to Doctor (2010), if Haigh's is considered as the integrated manufacturer, then the consumer will be enabled to make the control of the delivery made on the pattern of the official forum of return. This, therefore, makes the process of the distribution packaging. Chocolates can be used by both genders and at any age either for desert or in between meals. The costs are affordable, and flavors vary being able to a ccommodate almost every person. Secondly, Haigh's has considered behavior. Different customers behave differently, for example, specific customers love an individual brand. Haigh's have their branding that a customer can quickly identify and associate him/herself within Australia. Different customers like to feel differently according to their lifestyles. For example, there are those that like associating themselves with others while there are others that like to stand out on their own. This is the reason why Haigh's chocolates have different flavors and shapes to cater for the various needs of consumers (Ken 2010). Targeting Targeting refers to choosing a target market or consumer. The target market makes planning easier as the business person can know how to price the product, the market mix to use and distribution according to the target group. It involves dividing the market into segments and giving attention to one or few segments. A large target group or a growing group gets to attract more competition which is good for the business. One also looks at the strengths of the business to please particularly a certain target market. Targeting is, therefore, an important aspect in marketing (Blocker Flint 2007, pp. 810822). Haigh's mainly targets young people and couples that buy chocolates for gifts and consumption. A young generation is a target group that is growing very fast thus a real market. Chocolate easily pleases the young people and couples since most of them love chocolates. Seasonal packaging is also done by the business that suits their needs for the seasons or occasions. Positioning Positioning refers to the image that the business needs to create in the target consumers mind. This entails how the customers view an individual product and the company itself. This may include factors like pricing, value, quality, type of people that use the product, strengths, and weaknesses of the product. Businesses, therefore, need to come up with strategies to ensure that they achieve positioning of their products (Dent Harry 2008). The Haigh's chocolate is in the hands of a reliable family owned company since 1915. The company produces hand-made chocolates from cocoa beans. It was the first Australian owned chocolate manufacturer to be given a certificate of international UTZ for the use of well-farmed cocoa beans. The consumers adore handmade and chocolates of a very high quality. The company produces most authentic chocolate in Australia. This is evident since the company won an UTZ certificate of which no other Australian store has. The company, therefore, produces fresh, healthy chocolates from the beginning to the end hence achieving perfection. Perfection is the main thing that has considerably helped Haigh's to achieve positioning. This is because customers can positively perceive the company and its products. Haigh's has therefore produced a good relationship between itself and the customers. STP Approach for the Indonesian market A big market can be realized in Indonesia if the right STP approach is systematically implemented. The method involves selecting the type of market to serve and then dividing it into small segments. After that, identification and specification of the most profitable market segment are done. The business then finds a way of creating a particular image to the customers to emerge the winner among the competitors (Kurtz 2010). For successful implementation of segmentation in the Indonesian market, it is important first to realize and understand the product consumers. Indonesian consumers have different characteristics and behaviors. It is, therefore, important for Haigh's to first identify the different features that the Indonesian customers exhibit to achieve the best market for the goods and services (Charan 2009). It is also important to employ the marketing mix in the Indonesian market. This entails putting in place the four P's (product, price, promotion and place) to get a large number of customers. Firstly, the product should be considered by ensuring that the product provided in the market satisfies the consumer's needs and wants. The Indonesian market should, therefore, be provided with the best quality items that have useful features. The products should be assorted, branded, packaged and labeled well. After sale services are given by most businesses in Indonesia that attract more customers (Dowhan 2013). Haigh's should also consider price as an approach to segmentation; which is a sacrifice that a consumer makes to acquire a product. Indonesian market should be given discounts, allowances, and offering different payment terms for the customers and other different price strategies. It is also important to employ promotion in the Indonesian market. This can be the promotional mix which includes advertising and direct marketing, social media and others. Haigh's should also consider place to achieve much from the Indonesian market through providing access and convenience of the product. Location of a product can bring more customers if it is easily accessed and market coverage dealt with. These are therefore very useful aspects of consideration for successful implementation of segmentation (Bing Stanley 2007). Regarding targeting, it is important for Haigh's to evaluate the customer attractiveness Indonesian market has assessed the attractiveness of their clients. The company should target the main Indonesian customers especially the population of the young people since it is a fast growing population and interested in many things. The company should also fragment the Indonesian market. This makes it easier to reach the needs of the specific target groups (Belch et al. 2009, pp 205206). The appropriate channel used to target the Indonesian youths is the internet. This is because the young Indonesian generation is mostly found online. Targeting can significantly help in achieving a greater market share. Lastly, positioning should be done to achieve a large Indonesian market to create the best image of the market. Given that it was ranked the third country after China and India for the most growing market providing quality goods and services, the company needs to put in a lot of efforts to achieve positioning. The products should be the best that leave customers wishing for more. This will, therefore, help to achieve positioning of the company and its products (Dang 2012). Conclusions In conclusion, STP approach implementation is inevitable for the success of every business organization. Given that Haigh's chocolate operates in a competitive environment, like any other business, effective strategies of segmentation, targeting and positioning should be implemented as they give an extra advantage. STP helps an organization address the specific needs of different customers with different needs. To successfully extend the market Indonesia, STP approach needs to be appropriately implemented References Belch, G., Belch, M.A, Kerr, G. and Powell, I.,(2009) Advertising and Promotion Management: An Integrated Marketing Communication Perspective, McGraw-Hill, Sydney, Australia, pp. 205206 Bing, Stanley (2007)Crazy Bosses,Harper Collins Publishers, New York, NY, USA, Blocker, C. P. and Flint, D. J., (2007). "Customer Segments as Moving Targets: Integrating Customer Value Dynamism into Segment Instability Logic," Industrial Market Management, vol. 36, no. 6., 2007, pp. 810822 Charan, R. (2009)In The Era Of Economic Uncertainty: The New Rules For Getting The Right Things Done In Difficult Times Constantin, C., (2012) "Post-hoc Segmentation using Marketing Research," Economics, Vol 12, no 3, pp. 3948 Dang, A. (2012). Better pallet management keeps sweet demand at bay: Logistics and materials handling. Dent, Harry S. Jr.,(2008)The Great Depression Ahead: How To Prosper In The Crash Following The Greatest Boom In History Ken (2010)Newsonomics: Twelve New Trends That Will Shape The News You Get Dowhan, D. (2013). Hitting Your Target. Marketing Insights. pp.5. Emmanuel, O. (2008). Effects of tempering and fact crystallization behavior on microstructure-mechanical properties and appearance in dark chocolate systems. Journal of Food Engineering, pp. 128-136 Ferret (2012). Premium chocolate manufacturer turns to CHEP for pallet management solution: Ferret group. Festa, J. (2012). Chocolate and wine: A perfect pairing in South Australia's Adelaide Hills. Kurtz, D. (2010). Contemporary Marketing Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Social Stratification free essay sample

It is not earned, but rather something people are either born with or had no control over (sociology. About. Com). Contrary to ascribed status is achieved status which is a position in a social system that is acquired on the basis Of merit, a Status that is earned or chosen and reflects a persons skills, abilities and efforts (sociology. About. Com). The former is more related to oligarchy, which means the social system of a state is under the political control of a small elite group, and patrimonial capitalism while the latter would be tied closely to meritocracy and democracy.The main argument is that the former is what is prevailing at present and this would be analyses further in this essay. One of the central arguments raised by these economists was that patrimonial capitalism that once dictated the world for the longest time has actually returned and would be here to stay if legislators fail to take the appropriate actions deemed necessary in order to narrow the social inequality. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Stratification or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The term patrimonial capitalism is actually means that the economic elite more often than not acquire their wealth through inheritance rather than their own merits of entrepreneurship, perhaps.Take for example the top 10 richest Americans on the Forbes list. Four of them are Wall-Mart errs while two are the Koch brothers. Which means that 6 out of 10 richest Americans mostly inherited their money and this spectrum would be getting larger and larger as the high earners at the top of the economy; the top 1% of the population is the ones who are getting more affluent due to the monetary gains that they have. The returns they earn from the existing capital are considerably higher than the rate of which the economy grows and this results to the all too infamous saying The rich gets richer, the poor gets poorer and the explosion of inequality. At this rate, the future, if it is already to happening, is going to be dominated by inherited wealth as capital concentrates in fewer and fewer hands thus giving the rich ever guarded power of a politics governance, which further explains patrimonial capitalism.Considering that this group of elites, those who have the ascribed status, have amassed huge wealth that brings them to buy over anything that entails them too, and that also includes buying of the state governance and politics, which is a fragile entity that could bring about negative consequences at the wrong hands. The most relevant sociological theory on social class that applies to the tuition at hand would be Karl Mars Conflict Theory Perspective on Class.Based in this idea, he believes that there are only two classes of people, the bourgeoisie (owners of the means of production such as factories and businesses and equipments required for the production of wealth) and the proletariat (simply put, the laborers). According to Mars theory, in the contemporary and capitalist world we live in today, the bourgeoisie exploit workers without them even realizing it. Employees are paid adequately enough to afford food and shelter and have a misconception that they are ell paid and well-to-do. But they fail to realize the difference between being in a privileged position as compared to being wealthy. With the bourgeoisie gaining from the revenues of productions and only a certain percentage going into labor income, the understanding that the middle class expands as capitalism progresses, dawns upon us. An example of a society, although most societies are, that is falling under this category would be India.Although there are so many other countries that are facing such a social inequality, it is highly evident in India due to the poor governance and the absence of distribution of wee lath. We can distinctly see the class distinction between the rich (who live in well acclaimed estates) and the poor (who would be begging on the streets for money just to feed themselves for one meal). Wealth is just handed down from generation to generation and ultimately only those who belong to the high social class such as the Brahmins are the ones holding on to most of the states wealth.U ndeniably, there are people in India who have been pulled out of poverty due to the lean towards capitalism and by the growing wages attributable to sheer economic growth, but the argil is minuscule. There is still inequality that is prevalent due to the uneven growth of returns to capital in conjunction to outfit (simply put, the profit earned as compared to the wages). The top notch management benefit from the profits more as compared to those workers who receive a small rise in wages.This is basically what is happening in a lot of societies with global inequality due to ascribed status and is termed under oligarchy. Another point brought up is that in comparison to other European states, like the United Kingdom, have high taxation of all income but equalize it with the reverence of aids like universal healthcare, income support for lower income groups and for young parents. There is a redistribution of wealth whereby the government takes more from those who can afford it in order to aid those who are less affluent.However, in the US, such a phenomenon fails to exist. There is high taxation Of capital income only and even on that earnings, US do not believe in redistribution o f wealth, thus leading to them having a larger amount of disposable income as compared to other countries all with due respect to the government policies. What they fail to realize is that taking a retrain percentage of wealth from the top 1% of the wealthy people and directing it to the bottom 20% of the population is going to make a huge difference in the quality of life.There could be health reforms and health insurances put in place so that those belonging to the bottom spectrum would have something to cushion their fall considering that medical expenses is what is costing a lot these days. The money would be coming from small sure-taxes from invested earnings or earned incomes from people who are earning well enough. To them the percentage of tax would be very small but or the people who belong at the bottom half of the economy that would be a huge amount. So how then this situation at hand would be overcome?

The Socio Cultural Impacts Of Tourism Tourism Essay Essays

The Socio Cultural Impacts Of Tourism Tourism Essay Essays The Socio Cultural Impacts Of Tourism Tourism Essay Paper The Socio Cultural Impacts Of Tourism Tourism Essay Paper Chapter 2 2.0Literature Reappraisal There are many research workers who have examined on how touristry affects the local people in a finish. They have worked on how to measure the negative and positive impacts of touristry on society. This literature reappraisal will be based on the research of the socio-cultural impact of touristry on the local people in Mauritius. This literature reappraisal will be completed by seeking for diary articles, relevant surveies which have been antecedently done on the subject. 2.1.1 Overview of Tourism Tourism is an active procedure which include direct and alternate relationship between people and conceiver of touristry merchandises. The interaction between people is the is frequently the necessary characteristic which characterizes a touristry experience. Sheldon A ; Abenoja argued that these experiences can take to both positive and negative impacts and this should be controlled in order to maximise the positive impacts and minimize and negative impacts. Positive and negative characteristic of touristry can be moved to the tourers and the host population as a touristry merchandise can merely be consumed in a finish. One of the most influential socially based programs refined to analyze the impact of touristry has on local people and the environment in which the local people live is on the work of Doxey ( 1975 ) , who was able to show the feeling that local people show as touristry extend and start to utilize greater country of a local economic system over clip. ( Doxey ) besides argued that there are fundamentally four degrees to be considered when measuring local feelings towards the touristry industry. These are as follows: Euphoria: This is where tourist semen to a finish where they are received with small control and planning in a finish Apathies: Tourists are accepted by the local people in a finish, commercialisation takes topographic point and there is a relationship between groups. Irritation: As the touristry industry is being saturated, local people tend to hold uncertainness about a location of touristry. Tourism contrivers increase substructure alternatively of commanding the growing of touristry. Hostility: Local people start to go annoyed and this is presented to tourers and touristry and planning is renewing. 2.1.2Resident-visitor dealingss: Doxey s Irridex It became clear that without the support of stakeholders, touristry would non be successful in the long term. This is specifically suited for the communities who host the visitants. Doxey ( 1975 ) , Doxey suggested an easy set of phases, showing a host community response to and relationship with an increasing figure of visitants. He suggested that local acceptance thresholds and the the opposition of the host community to the increasing figure of touristry development established a fright that they might lose community individuality. Furthermore, Doxey s ( 1975 ) Index of Irritation ( Irridex ) symbolizes the go uping sensitiveness of local occupants as the impact that visitants cause additions. Kreag ( 2001 ) said that the figure of impacts from touristry is physically broad and it frequently has the authorization on countries beyond those normally linked with touristry. It is hard to mensurate the exact type and magnitudes of impacts of touristry as they can non be viewed in a separate manner because the consequence brought by touristry entirely and the consequence which has been accomplished by other agents of alteration such as modernisation, development, and the influence of media Archer A ; Cooper, ( 1994 ) ; Lickorish A ; Jenkin, ( 1997 ) ; Mathieson A ; Wall, ( 1982 ) . 2.1.3 Socio-Cultural Impacts of Tourism Oppermann A ; Chon, ( 1997 ) , argued that the socio cultural impacts should be available in towns and it should be designed in such a manner in order to accomplish the ideals of sustainable development. Smith ( 1995 ) reported that the socio-cultural impacts of touristry occur when there is the interaction between the host , or local people, and invitees , or tourers. However, Glasson, Gofrey and Goodey ( 1995 ) argued that the socio-cultural impacts are the people impacts of touristry and it concentrates on the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours alterations and quality of life of occupants in a finish. It has been stated by Opperman and Chon ( 1997 ) that tourer and the host interactions does non hold consequence on the hosts and the society of the host, but besides it has an consequence on the tourers and the tourers societies. Cooper et al. , ( 1998 ) ; said that socio-cultural impacts have both positive and negative signifiers and it is the hosts and the invitees who are affected, Oppermann A ; Chon, ( 1997 ) . Furthermore, Pi-Sunyer, ( 1973 ) , stated that socially and culturally, touristry has frequently been victim of societal tensenesss. Boissevain, ( 1979 ) ; Tsartas, ( 1992 ) argues it can be noted that the chief impacts affected by the tourers and host relationship are the presentation consequence, that is when the behavior of the hosts community is developed in such a manner to copy the tourers. During their stay in a finish tourists interact with the local occupants and this interaction brings an result such as alterations in the quality of life of the host s community, value system, labour division, household relationships, attitudes, behavioral forms, ceremonials and originative looks, Fox ( 1977 ) ; Cohen ( 1984 ) ; Pizam and Milman ( 1984 ) . De Kadt ( 1979 ) have stated that the brushs of tourers and the hosts occur when tourers are purchasing goods and services from any host single where there are at the same topographic point and at the same clip and where they can interchange thoughts and information. Another type of brush which occurs in touristry is where there is a failure in advancing common apprehension among different states and stereotypes prevail, Nettekoven ( 1979 ) ; Krippendorf ( 1987 ) ; OGrady ( 1990 ) . In add-on, White ( 1974 ) ; Brougham and Butler ( 1977 ) ; Jeffs and Tavis ( 1989 ) ; Wallace ( 1997 ) reported that socio-cultural impacts of touristry besides include alteration in the linguistic communication that is used in a finish growing in the ingestion of alkies, offense, harlotry and chancing Young ( 1973 ) ; Graburn 1983 ; OGrady ( 1990 ) . Harmonizing to Brunt and Courtney ( 1999 ) argued that socio cultural impacts of when there is the interaction of tourists-host could be utilized to host oc cupants and was affected by their function and their relationship within the touristry industry. 2.1.4 Communities Perspective of Tourism Fredline, ( 2004 ) considered the attitude of local people the big scope of the positive and negative impacts of touristry on the community at big and single can be analysed. Ratz ( 2002 ) said that the lives of the host s community are changed by two major factors which are viz. the tourists-host relationship and the development of the touristry industry itself. Local people and foreign companies are encouraged to put in different types of tourer endeavors Larsen ( 1998 ) and this is looked in such a scheme to actuate economic activities to take topographic point which will do the province become richer. In a host community, non every people perceive the impacts of touristry in the same mode. Researchs say that the degree of satisfaction of occupants in a finish and their attitudes in relation to touristry are conditional on their perceptual experience of the impact of touristry. Resident s reponse to touristry impacts It is of import to cognize the reaction of occupants to touristry and the schemes that they use to minimise the negative impacts from the touristry exchange. Two theories which is the Doxey Irridex theoretical account and the touristry country life-cycle theoretical account by pantryman ( 1980 ) were used to to explicate occupant s reactions to touristry. However it has been said that these two theories are excessively unidirectional and massive, being non able to place that different sets of schemes may be available at the same time within a part, Dogan ( 1989 ) . The theories that have been viewed in the past old ages as the most efficient 1s, were based on the option of the Butler ( 1975 ) and of Dogan ( 1989 ) : Butler ( 1975 ) describing a past work by Bjorkland and Philbrick, analysed the advancement that occurs when two or more civilizations come into interaction and suggested this work within the residents-tourist relationship ; he stated that the occupant s attitudes can be favorable and unfavorable during their communicating and occupant s behavioral response towards touristry could be working or digesting from these differences, a four-cell continuity topologies was developed. 2.1.5 Socio-Cultural sustainability Cultural sustainability is the care of local values, the manner that people live in their environment and individuality Heikkinen et Al. ( 2007 ) . Harmonizing to Besculides, Lee, A ; McCornick, 2002 ; Simpson, ( 2008 ) the cultural and societal as facet of sustainability may be supported by touristry development by allowing a alteration of worsening traditional industries appealing substructure development advancing pride mentioning to civilization and community, furthering cultural credence amongst visitants, maintaining cultural heritage, furthering transverse institutional credence and convey into being educational favourable fortunes. However, Liu ( 2003 ) ; Stronza, ( 2007 ) , argued that touristry can convey up new life styles, belief, and values to hosts, and come through alterations in the life signifier of the communities. 2.1.6 Positive socio-cultural impact of touristry United Nations, ( 1996 ) ; Jamaica Sustainable Development Network, 2001 ; Tourism Product Development Company ( 2005 ) ; du Cros ; ( 2001 ) , Tourism brings into part of an betterment of the societal substructure in a finish. Cultural development can be considered as a positive impact of touristry. Assorted state of affairss exist where touristry is the active force behind the saving and consciousness of local civilization and traditions. 2.1.7 Negative socio-cultural impacts of touristry For some islands, there are negative societal impact that are created due to touristry. An addition in the monetary value leads to a autumn in the criterion of life of the local community. Fishermans are deprived from their business. Sometimes locals are prevented to acquire entree to public beaches as most hotels give precedence to tourers to bask the beaches and therefore locals are left with lone portion of the beaches. Furthermore, there are capacity issues where the beaches are overcrowded which leads to traffic congestion and noise pollution, change by reversal socialization and high offense rates besides occur ( United Nations, 1996 ; PA Consulting Group, ( 2007 ) . Harmonizing to Hejazeen ( 2007 ) , he distinguished the socio-cultural impacts of touristry on five communities at five historical sites around Jordan. In Petra Hejazeen ( 2007 ) noticed that there were a figure of negative impacts such as people get downing to devour alcohol drinks, kids who are non traveling to s chool, and the job of co-modification whereby the local people imitate the tourers. 2.1.8 Physical influences doing societal emphasis The physical power that increasing touristry has on a finish can do societal emphasis because this brush the local community. Cultural devolution such as harm to cultural heritage may take topographic point from hooliganism, littering, pilferage and illegal remotion of cultural heritage points or by altering the historical landscape that surrounds it. Resource usage struggles will originate because there is a competition between the host community and the tourers for doing usage of premier resources such as H2O and energy which are limited in supply. Conflicts will originate when there will be the building of hotels in coastal countries. 2.2.8 Culture Clangs As touristry is the motion of people to different topographic points geographically and topographic points of societal relation between tourers and the hosts, civilization clangs may come frontward because of differences in their civilizations, cultural and spiritual groups, values, life styles, linguistic communications and degrees of prosperity. There will be economic inequality between local people and the tourers as they spend more than they frequently spend in an economic system. 2.2.9 Behaviour of tourers doing annoyance Tourists normally fail to esteem local people and their moral values due to carelessness in a finish. They may non esteem the locals traditions by taking images where they are non allowed to make so and they may besides be non good dressed in spiritual topographic points like temples, mosques, and church. 2.2.3 Crime Jud ( 1975 ) stated that sum of condemnable motion confronting foreign tourers grows as the figure of illegal opportunities addition. He besides said that the more tourers reaching in a finish will ensue in more opportunities for offense to take topographic point. However, Lin and Loeb ( 1977 ) argued that there might non be a certain connexion between tourers and condemnable activities. Furthermore, Bernasco and Luykx ( 2003 ) stated that there are three factors which pull offenses against belongings and these are attraction, chance and handiness. As a consequence if communities do non protect themselves and amiss put in order by external bureaus, some persons will precise their personal disposition and devotedness towards condemnable behavior. Furthermore, Shaw and Mc Kay ( 1992 ) stated that a weak organisational signifier within a community may bring forth an environment more favourable for felons against people and frailty versa. 2.3.1 Job degree clash There has been a deficiency of professional preparation and low-paid touristry occupations such as server, cleaner horticulture are offered to local people whereas the higher-paying occupations are like managerial occupations are offered to aliens. 2.3.2 Change of local individuality and values Conventional touristry can convey impact alteration or loss of acknowledgment and values and leads to influences as stated below: 2.3.3 Commercialization of local civilization Tourism can turn local civilization into merchandise and this is when spiritual traditions, local imposts and festivals are diminished to set to tourist outlooks and this has been called as reconstructed ethnicity. 2.3.4 Standardization A finish purpose is to fulfill and it risk standardisation, adjustment, nutrient and drinks, etc must run into the privation of the tourers in a finish 2.3.5 Adaptation to tourist demands In finish tourers have the desire to purchase keepsakes, humanistic disciplines, trades, cultural manifestations. Craftsmen in many tourers finishs have changed their merchandises by planing new types to do them fit the new client s gustatory sensations. 2.3.6 Increase of Prostitution and sex touristry Harmonizing to the WTO ( World Tourism Organisation ) experts ( 1994 ) sex touristry has its chief purpose that consequence of a commercial sexual relationship. Sexual activity touristry is perfectly touchable brush in which the spouse is non any longer an alive object. Many work forces go to Asia to take Asiatic misss because no communicating is possible. Sex workers can be migratory adult females in a finish from neighboring states. Furthermore, sex touristry has impacted to an addition in AIDS in India. It has been discovered that upper class hotels have their supply for sex touristry to take topographic point. Sexual activity touristry is besides linked to drug pedlars who search for long holiday tourers at inexpensive finishs. 2.3.7 The economic impacts of touristry Loomis and Walsh ( 1997 ) stated that concerns and public organisations are increasingly demoing involvement in the economic impacts of touristry at national, province and local degrees as the touristry industry contributes to the state s balance of payment ( BOP ) and this provide a great supply of income, said Tatoglu, Erdal, Ozgur, A ; Azakli, ( 2000 ) . The World Traven and Tourism Council ( 2012 ) reported that touristry can be good to an economic system in footings of increasing the Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) . Furthermore, Andereck Valentine, Knopf and Vogt ( 2005 ) reported that touristry industries can hold a positive consequence on the economic system of a community by set uping diverseness, and revenue enhancement gross. Furthermore touristry is taken into consideration as a determiner that provides a higher living criterion and which consequence to pull investors to make investings and tourers to pass which as a consequence creates greater benefits than costs Brida, reported Osti A ; Faccioli, ( 2011 ) . 2.3.8 The benefits that tourism conveying in an economic system Rithie, 2000 ; Carolson A ; Millan, ( 2002 ) ; Getz, ( 2005 ) said that the events in a finish tend to better the substructure and development capacity. Westerbeek et Al. ( 2005, p. 133 ) reported that when substructure is good articulated consisting of physical locales, adjustment and installations such as conveyance can take a an even to success and cut downing costs, bettering the convenience of witness, every bit good as the jock and long term benefits for the local community when the event ends. 2.3.9 Multiplier consequence Tourism as a supply of income is hard to mensurate, this is because it creates multiplier consequence Clarke et Al, ( 2009 ) ; Brida et Al, ( 2010 ) ; Rastegar, ( 2010 ) . Multiplier consequence is the copiousness of money which is generated due to tourist disbursement in an economic system it increases as it passes through different countries of the economic system reported Dritsakis, ( 2008 ) ; Boopen, ( 2006 ) . Tourism does non merely take to employment chances but besides motivates growing in the primary and secondary sectors of the industry. Primary touristry sectors viz. , lodging, dining, transit, amusements and retail trade are influenced straight and most of the other sectors are have impacts of the secondary effects. 2.4 Direct consequence in the economic system These are production alterations which are linked with the existent effects of alterations in touristry outgos. An addition in the figure of tourers remaining in a hotel would take to an addition in net incomes due to gross revenues in the hotel sector. Direct effects of tourers passing besides include hotel payments for rewards and wages, revenue enhancements, and supplies and services. 2.4.1 Indirect consequence in the economic system This is the re disbursement of the hotel industry s grosss in other behind industries. For illustration industries which supplies merchandises and services to hotels. Alteration in gross revenues, occupations, and income in the linen supply industry shows another country of indirect effects after all linking hotels to assorted grades to multiple other economic sectors in the part. 2.4.2 Induced consequence in the economic system Induced consequence is the household income earned straight or indirectly by touristry disbursement. For illustration employees from the hotel and employees from the linen supply are supported straight and indirectly by touristry, they spend their money in the local part disbursals of lodging, nutrient, transit and disbursement of added pay, salary, or proprietors income are considered as induced consequence. 2.4.3 Indirect effects of touristry on GDP ( Gross Domestic Product ) Tourism is a large component of the services economic system, stand foring 30 % of international trade in services. Taking into history of the gross, the T20 states generate about 70 % of planetary tourer activity. In add-on, the part that touristry can do to the growing of the economic system is found in its indirect impacts, which in the T20 states demoing over 45 % of touristry s entire parts to the GDP. These indirect impacts which are linked both to goods and services bought by the touristry sector and to investing and public disbursement multiplied by touristry are an of import factor of economic growing. 2.4.4 The exchange rate consequence of touristry Tourism is a major foreign currency earner as it supplies the market with foreign currency and this market would non be if touristry would non be so big. This diminishes the cost of foreign currency below what it would otherwise be. 2.4.5 Creation of employment Harmonizing to Bridenhann and Wickens, ( 2004 ) , touristry is an industries among many other industries which has the highest power to lend towards occupation creative activity and economic development, particularly in rural countries. 2.4.6 Environmental impact of touristry Negative environmental impacts takes topographic point when the degree of visitants in a state exceeds the transporting capacity of an environment or usage greater infinite that is required for an environment. When it is uncontrolled, it brings menaces to many natural countries around the universe. The environment quality, natural and semisynthetic is of great importance to touristry. However, the relationship with the environment is intricate. The environmental impact is related with the building of the general substructure in a finish such as roads and airdromes, and of the installations of touristry, such as resorts, hotels, eating houses, stores, golf classs. As the negative impacts of touristry can destruct the environment in the long-run, and these impacts should be minimized. Further literature of the negative environmental impact of touristry is as follows: 2.4.7 Land Degradation The of import resources of land are fertile dirt, woods, wetlands and wildlife. Due to an addition in the building of touristry installations at that place has been force per unit area on these resources. Direct impact can be caused by supplying tourers with the installations needed such as adjustment and other substructure needed on the environment. Furthermore, when there is deforestation, forest frequently suffers from this catastrophe. 2.4.8 Air and noise pollution Pollution is something harmful that begins into the environment and these harmful stuffs are called pollutants. It can be natural such as volcanic ash. Pollution can be besides produced by human activity for illustration rubbish or overflow produced by mills. Pollutants damage the quality of air, H2O and land. There are assorted things that are utile to people create pollution. Cars eject pollutants from their exhaust pipes. Burning coal to bring forth electricity pollutes the air. Industries and places spread refuse and sewerage that can foul the land and H2O. 2.4.9 Impacts on Biodiversity Tourism can do loss of biodiversity in assorted ways for illustration by viing the wildlife for home ground and natural resources. Negative impact on biodiversity can be caused by treading, emphasis in animate beings, import of occupying species, devastation of home grounds, marine home ground impairment. 2.5 Strain on H2O resources Water is one of the of import resource that is needed to last and for a concern to go on to run H2O is need in the mundane operation of the concern. Hotels usage H2O in swimming pools, golf classs and besides H2O is used by the tourers for personal usage. Therefore there is a inclination for deficit of H2O and bring forthing a greater volume of effluent. 2.5.1 Energy Use Hotels use immense volume of H2O. Tourists remaining in a hotel usage on mean 1/3 more H2O per twenty-four hours than a local dweller. The ingestion of energy per M2 per twelvemonth by one star hotel is 157kwh ( 380 KWh in a four star hotel ) ( EEA, 2003 ) . However, the substructure is non suited as it has been designed to get by with peak periods. 2.5.2 The function of the UNWTO, ( United Nations World Tourism Organisation ) towards the environment In order to forestall the unfavourable impacts of clime alteration, the IPCC studies 2007 need 25-40 % emanation decrease sphere for the Annex 1 Parties ( industrialised states ) by 2020, compared to the footing twelvemonth 1995. 2.5.3 Natural resource depletion Natural resource depletion, the use of land alteration, pollution and the debasement of the environment are the dominant impacts on the environment because of the speedy enlargement of touristry in many finishs and without appropriate schemes to protect natural-cultural resources from the force per unit area of touristry Bramwell and Lane, ( 2010 ) ; Davenport and Davenport, ( 2006 ) ; Gossling, ( 2002 ) ; Favro et al. , ( 2010 ) ; Kuvan, ( 2005 ) ; Madan and Rawat, ( 2000 ) . Harmonizing to Welford et al. , ( 1999 ) said that sustainable touristry has been contending with uncontrolled and unplanned touristry and this includes steps to decrease the negative impacts that mass touristry causes such as the devastation of delicate ecosystem and local civilization and besides the depletion of natural resources. 2.5.4 Ecotourism Society ( Ties ) which is an ecotourism society argued that ecotourism is people going responsibly to countries of nature and they keep the environment clean by being witting about their act towards the environment and better the wellbeing of the local people. With the activity of ecotourism, most of the net incomes remain in the local economic system and it is of a smaller proportion and holding low import escape. 2.5.5 The finish lifecycle About all finishs have a lifecycle. Harmonizing to the pantryman theoretical account, the basic thought of 1980 is that a finish starts about unknown and there is besides a limited figure of visitants as due to deficiency of entree, installations, and local cognition which is labeled as the geographic expedition phase Miller and Gallucci, ( 2004 ) . Butler s Tourism Area Lifecycle Model 2.5.6 The 7 phases of tourer development Exploration: The geographic expedition phase is when merely a little figure of tourers visit a finish. At this phase, the country remains good since there are few tourers and the handiness of installations is limited. The finish is deserted and has a sleepy visual aspect with small or there might be no development. At this phase, a limited figure of concerns exist and the provided installations are owned by the local people. Engagement: The engagement phase includes local people that start to supply installations to tourers within the finish and it becomes to be recognized as a tourer finish. In the engagement phase, there is an interaction between the locals and the visitants and this will stay high. Tooman ( 1996 ) , said that the engagement phase is where touristry does non impact the economic system, it can make desirable effects and the benefits goes to the local people be bring forthing linkages, economic diverseness, and more clip to set up the history to command growing of the touristry sector. Development: The development phase takes topographic point when the host state starts to do people cognizant about the finish through advertisement and the country starts to be recognized as a tourer finish. At this phase the local people tend to back up the consequence that touristry conveying to their state because it contributes economically, Bramwell ( 2003 ) . Consolidation: This is where the finish continues to pull the figure of tourers. The growing of tourers Numberss may non be fast as in the other phases as there exists some tensenesss between the host community and the tourer. Stagnation: The stagnancy phase takes topographic point when the installations that are provided to tourers start to go old as tourers are bored with the installations which has been provided long ago. At this phase, the figure of tourers in a finish may take to a diminution. Rejuvenation: Rejuvenation occurs when there is the demand for betterment. At this phase, investing and modernisation may happen and may ensue to an addition in visitants Numberss. Decline: The diminution phase occurs when the greening ( phase ) has non taken topographic point yet. As a consequence, people working in the touristry industry lose their occupations and the image of the finish besides suffers. 2..5.7 What is civilization? Culture has a specific function in the reconstitution of an urban economic system and individuality, an spread outing literature appears on culture-led regeneration in the metropoliss of the improved universe. Regeneration is the complete alteration of a topographic point that is demoing cogent evidence of physical, societal and economic diminution, said Evan ( 2005 ) . However, civilization is said to be an inducement for the regeneration development, although the judge articulate the chief clangs. Jensen ( 2007 ) reported that while culture-led regeneration work attempt to re-build the urban economic system and image, they frequently offer concern to development ends such as economic, belongings development and urban entrepreneurialism instead than the sort of life aims, the safety of local beings, societal justness. Hofstede, ( 2001 ) ; Reschner, ( 1969 ) reported that civilization can come on easy over clip or may modify wholly in a short clip period due to a fluctuation in engin eering, alteration in values, inclusion by another more dominating civilization and catastrophe of large-scale and country as wars affliction and natural semisynthetic catastrophes. Furthermore, Richards and Wilson, ( 2006 ) ; Zukin, ( 1995 ) reported that cultural heritage is the chief attractive force of metropoliss, cultural heritage preserves the cultural values of the topographic point and links people to their assembled memories, they besides said that metropoliss have now made a concern of civilization and cultural topographic points in most instances become more market-oriented because of lessenings in the degree of public support, reported Richard, ( 1996 ) . However, while civilization remain an of import component for touristry and urban economic system, the meaning of civilization becomes more unsure. Jensen ( 2007 ) defines civilization as a manner of life, while cultural assets becomes the creative activity of a topographic point that includes both touchable and intangible qualities. Hence cultural touristry is no more somewhat the imaged decline of high civilization graphicss such as galleries, theatres and architecture, but is turning for the inc lusion of giving visitants the chance of swamping off the ambiance, Galdini, 2007 ; Richards, 1996 ) . Reisinger A ; Turner, ( 1999 ) stated that while there is no universally agreed definition of civilization, there is no transcultural variable by which civilization can wholly differentiated and successfully compared. In researching in the image of a finish, nationality is likely to be the cardinal asking variable to understand differences in perceptual experience among visitants holding assorted civilizations, Beerli A ; Martin, ( 2004 ) ; A Campo A ; Garau, 2008 ; A Joppe et al. , ( 2001 ) ; A MacKay A ; Fesenmaier, ( 1997 ) ; A Mayo A ; Jarvis, ( 1981 ) ; A Prayag A ; Ryan, ( 2011 ) ; A Ryan A ; Cave, ( 2005 ) .A Dann ( 1993, pp 108-109 ) argued as touristry is a planetary phenomenon societies in a finish are non any longer in an orderly manner and this does non do sense to take into consideration national designation within many societies as many tourer have different nationalities and the state where they have taken birth may non be the same as the state of their nationality. Furthermore, civilization and individuality issues must be taken into history as these are a challenge in offering sustainability in touristry, as respects guaranting sustainability in touristry, continuing existent civilization and individuality of people who are populating and working at touristry finishs. Additionally, touristry will take to a disappearing of local individuality and values Griswold, ( 2004 ) ; A Hitchcock, ( 1999 ) ; A Santos A ; Buzinde, ( 2007 ) . 2.5.8 Social Exchange Theory Blau ( 1964, p.91 ) stated that ( SET ) refers to societal exchange as voluntary actions of persons that are inspirited by what they expect in returns to convey and normally execute in fact bring from others. ( SET ) makes spouses in a relationship more affiliated and organizes common trust, Moore and Cunningham III, ( 1999 ) . Harmonizing to Long, Perdue and Allen ( 1990 ) reported that there has been a favourable attitude toward touristry was straight linked to back up for growing of the tourer base. SET consists of a psychological and sociological position that demonstrates the alteration and stableness as a method of discussed exchanges between people in society. In taking into history of the human societal interactions, societal exchange theory operates on the belief that persons are in most instances rational and acquire into computations of costs and benefits in societal exchanges. This exchange of benefits is besides encase in the cultural construct of guanxi or relationsh ips among the Chinese people which have affected concern relationship for centuries in Asia. Furthermore, ( SET ) forecasts societal relationships to be established on each spouse s motivational part and foreseen net incomes. ( SET ) besides says that clients involve themselves in a relationship because they want to accomplish something that by themselves they can non in turn achieve. Customers will besides confirm whether they want to maintain the relationship or to stop it.

4 Popular Camel Spider Myths and the Truth Behind Them

4 Popular Camel Spider Myths and the Truth Behind Them SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You’ve no doubt seen pictures of camel spiders before, usually accompanied by a story about deadly bites, camel eating, or chasing people across the desert. Thanks to chain letters, camel spiders have a reputation as being fearsome, terrifying predators- but is that warranted? In this article, we’ll be covering the facts and fictions of camel spiders, including where they’re found and what they eat, as well as some biological information about how camel spiders fit into their environment. Read on to learn more about camel spiders! JonRichfield/Wikimedia Commons What’s a Camel Spider? Whether you love the Arachnida class or you’d prefer to never see them again, camel spiders, or Solifugae, are pretty intimidating. Part of that comes from their many names- they’re commonly called camel spiders, but also wind scorpions or sun spiders. Anything that can be called either a spider or a scorpion is bound to look a little off-putting, and Solifugae’s long body, many legs, and large fangs certainly don’t help its reputation. In fact, Solifugae are neither true spiders nor true scorpions. Unlike scorpions, they have no tails, and unlike spiders, they do not belong to the order Araneae and lack spinnerets and silk, though they are arachnids. They vary in size, with body lengths usually falling between 2 inches and 3 inches, though their legs can be several inches long, making them look even larger. They also have what appears to be a fifth set of legs, called pedipalps, that work something like antennae. Pedipalps aren’t used for walking, but do aid in locomotion as they help detect obstacles and food. Camel spiders are often associated with Middle Eastern deserts thanks to popular chain letters that began circulating during the Persian Gulf War and the Iraq War. However, that’s not quite accurate- camel spiders have a much wider habitat than most people would care to think about! Where Do Camel Spiders Live? Camel Spiders do live in the deserts of the Middle East, but they also live in a whole lot of other deserts, as well. In fact, they can be found everywhere on earth except Australia and Antarctica. It’s not a surprise that camel spiders can’t be found in Antarctica, but why not Australia? Unfortunately, it’s hard to say- observing solifugids in the wild is quite difficult, and they don’t survive well in captivity. This makes them exceedingly difficult to study. Camel spiders prefer desert biomes, but can also be found in everything from scrub to forests. Because there are some 1,100 subspecies of Solifugae, there’s quite a lot of variance in where they appear and what they eat. JonRichfield/Wikimedia Commons What Do Camel Spiders Eat? So what do camel spiders eat? Is it camels? Humans? Well, it’s a little bit of everything. Camel spiders are carnivorous or omnivorous, so pretty much anything is on the table. This is especially true because camel spiders, unlike many similar creatures, don’t just spin a web and wait for prey to come to them. Solifugids are hunters. They run, and they run fast- about 10 miles per hour. Their speed means they can eat everything from small insects to lizards, birds, and rodents depending on availability. Camel spiders use their chelicerae, a scientific name for the jaws of the arthropod group Chelicerata, to cut into prey. Their chelicerae function similar to a crab’s pincers, allowing camel spiders to do everything from shearing feathers to cutting through bone. However, it’s important to note that, while fast and strong, camel spiders primarily hunt for food that is only a bit bigger than they are. They don’t have venom of any kind, and though their bites can be painful (their chelicerae are no joke), they are simply not equipped for consuming large, strong prey, including camels and humans. Braboowi/Wikimedia Commons Common Myths About Camel Spiders One of the primary sources for interest in camel spiders comes from a chain letter circulated in the early 90s and again toward the beginning of the Iraq War, which reads: From someone stationed in Baghdad. He was recently bitten by a camel spider which was hiding in his sleeping bag. I thought you’d like to see what a camel spider looks like. It’ll give you a better idea of what our troops are dealing with. Enclosed is a picture of his friend holding up two spiders. Warning: not for the squeamish! This picture is a perfect example of why you don’t want to go to the desert. These are 2 of the biggest I’ve ever seen. With a vertical leap that would make a pro basketball player weep with envy (they have to be able to jump up on to a camels stomach after all), they latch on and inject you with a local anesthesia so you can’t feel it feeding on you. They eat flesh, not just suck out your juices like a normal spider. I’m gonna be having nightmares after seeing this photo! Is any of this true? Should we really be fearing that camel spiders are going to creep up on people while they’re sleeping, numb them, and eat their flesh? Let’s take a look at some of the most prominent things people believe about camel spiders and whether or not they’re accurate. Myth 1: Camel Spiders Are Huge Camel spiders aren’t small- they range in size from two to three inches in the body, plus several inches of legs- but many famous photos of the creatures often make them look as if they’re more like a foot or so in length. This kind of trickery can be accomplished with careful positioning, making it look as though a camel spider is the same size as a human leg when in fact it is just a few inches long. Myth 2: Camel Spiders Are So Named Because They Eat Camels According to urban legend, camel spiders are particularly frightening spiders that jump up, grab a camel’s belly, inject them with a numbing venom, and eat chunks from their bodies. Naturally, this horrific story could also happen to people. However, almost none of this is true. Camel spiders don’t jump, as they have no need to- their pedipalps seek out prey in front of them, which is more than sufficient in keeping them fed. Since they don’t jump, they definitely don’t cling to a camel’s body. But could one inject venom into a sleeping camel? Nope, because camel spiders don’t have any venom. Their jaws do more than enough to keep them fed. Though they are hunters, they primarily hunt things that are around their size or slightly smaller, and their chelicerae are quite capable of killing and cutting prey on their own. Once food has been chopped up, it’s liquified and eaten. So in a sense, that last part of the myth- that camel spiders eat chunks of flesh- is sort of true, but there’s no jumping, no venom, and no camels involved. Myth 3: Camel Spiders Chase People As previously mentioned, camel spiders are fast. But as we know, camel spiders don’t eat people and therefore have no real reason to chase them. So why might a camel spider be seen to chase a human anyway? Camel spiders are nocturnal. Desert nights are cooler, and camel spiders do their hunting at night. If you see a camel spider out in the day, it’s probably looking for shade- something a human can offer through its shadow. That’s why it may look as though a camel spider is chasing a person. It might run after a human, pausing when the human pauses, in search of cool shade. Myth 4: Camel Spiders Scream as They Chase People We’ve already established that camel spiders might follow people to stay in the shade of their shadow, but â€Å"chasing† isn’t quite accurate. It should be no surprise that the claim that they scream as they’re chasing people is also false. Camel spiders may stridulate- rubbing together two body parts to produce a sound- but do not actually scream. Stridulation may produce a buzzing or hissing sound, but not a scream. It’s all an urban legend! What’s Next? If you find camel spider biology interesting, AP biology may be the class for you! Take a look through the AP biology syllabus to see if it interests you. Does your spider interest extend beyond camel spiders? Learn about garden spiders and why most people don't need to worry about them here. Need some help studying for AP biology? These AP biology notes can help you out! Whether you just like to gross people out a little bit or you need to calm down after looking at all those camel spider facts, this slime recipe might be exactly what you need.

Racism and Discrimination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Racism and Discrimination - Essay Example When they come to the realization that they had been suppressed and oppressed, and their own individual human rights and those of the race are very adversely affected and endangered, they feel isolated from the society. As a result they long for a cultural identity for the blacks in America. Thus many Afro-American writers have tried to instill black racial pride in the minds of regress. The Harlem Renaissance and the civil rights movement of the 1950s played major roles in this change of outlook. Langston Hughes strongly believed that the educated black elite should lead blacks to liberation. Most of his poems exhort the readers to be proved of one’s black identity and raise one’s voice against any sort of injustice: â€Å"In poem ‘Theme for English B,’ by Langston Hughes, Hughes talks about the African American struggle of equality. This is a common subject for Hughes. In many of his poems, he speaks about blacks and the injustice that they face.† (Theme for English B; Hunnie 522-2006. Planet Papers). Hughes stressed the importance of a racial consciousness and cultural rationalism and encouraged blacks to take pride in their own diverse black folk culture and black aesthetics. The poem â€Å"The Theme for English B,† expresses Hughes’ experience as the only African American in an all white composition class in the 1920s. His English instruction asks him to write a poem and remarks â€Å"And let that page come out of you†¦ Then, it will be true.† This makes the poet to think of his black ideality and he expresses the blacks’ desire to eat, sleep and be in love just like the white man. He is afraid that because he is black, his writings would be discarded as mere blackish babblings: â€Å"I guess being colored doesn’t make me NOT like the same things other folks like who are other races. So will my page be colored that I write?† (Hughes, Langston. â€Å"Themes for English

Children with HIV in the U.S Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Children with HIV in the U.S - Research Proposal Example ed States got the virus through mother to child transmission; through labor, pregnancy, through breastfeeding or during delivery - as opposed to other modes of transmission. The information in this undated source is published by Avert.Org. The source provides general overview of the state of the United States in terms of the number of people, by categories, affected by HIV and AIDS. The statistics in this source are those provided by CDC among other reputable organizations, the data being of more recent years. The source also provides statistics of deaths that have resulted from HIV and AIDS with focus being on the US. This fact sheet, authored by the Kaiser Family Foundation in 2006, provides statistics of HIV/AIDS infections although it mainly contains information related to HIV/AIDS infection among women in the United States. This book, published in 1998, gives a detailed discussion of HIV and AIDS. The book provides up-to-date information regarding HIV including its history, mode of transmission, symptoms and the various means that have been applied to control the virus and prevent its attack. To acquire reliable data, an interview with a medical practitioner from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is proposed. CDC, as an institution has the most current data that relates to HIV in the USA as a whole. Such an interview is expected to give insights into the current infection levels among children of various ages, and in different

Froebel Kindergarten Essay Example for Free

Froebel Kindergarten Essay Freidrich W. A. Froebel is best known as the founder of kindergarten. He was a German educationalist. Froebel was born in 1782 in a village in Germany. His childhood was difficult because his mother died when he was a baby and his father abandoned him. Froebel was given to his uncle’s care. Between 1808-1810 he attended the training institute run by John Pestalozzi at Yverdon. Froebel left the institution accepting the basic principles of Pestalozzis theory: permissive school atmosphere, emphasis on nature, and the object lesson. Froebel, however, was a strong idealist whose view of education was closely related to religion. He believed that everything in this world was developed according to the plan of God. He felt that something was missing in Pestalozzis theory: the spiritual mechanism that, according to Froebel, was the foundation of early learning. Froebels philosophy of education rested on four basic ideas: free self-expression, creativity, social participation, and motor expression. Froebel began to focus on the needs of children just prior to entering school. He envisioned a place attended by 4-6 year olds where children would be nurtured and protected from outside influences—like plants in a garden. Froebel decided to call his school kindergarten, which in German means child garden. Froebel began a training institute for the teachers of his schools. He believed that teachers should be highly respected people with values that the children should imitate. The teacher should also be a sensitive, open, and easily approachable person. Froebels first kindergarten was founded in 1837 in Blakenburg Germany. It featured games, play, songs, stories, and crafts to stimulate imagination and develop physical and motor skills. The materials in the room were divided into two categories: gifts and occupations. Gifts were objects that were fixed in form such as blocks. The purpose was that in playing with the object the child would learn the underlying concept represented by the object. Occupations allowed more freedom and consisted of things that children could shape and manipulate such as clay, sand, beads, string etc. There was an underlying symbolic meaning in all that was done. Even clean up time was seen as a final concrete reminder to the child of Gods plan for moral and social order. In 1848, the Prussian government ordered these schools to be closed because they did not agree with Froebel’s ideas. Then Froebel died in 1852, not knowing the impact his work would have on the U. S. school system. Then many Germans immigrated to the United States after the German Revolution. Among them were women trained in the Froebel system of education. It was these women who were responsible for bringing kindergarten to the United States. The first U. S. kindergarten was for German immigrant children in Wisconsin and taught in German. Then in 1873 kindergarten was introduced in the public American schools. Freidrich Froebels ideas provided the major direction for kindergarten curriculum during the last half of the nineteenth century. Many of his ideas can still be observed in kindergarten today: learning through play, group games, goal oriented activities, and outdoor time. Now applying Froebel’s philosophy of education to the Bahamas. From the National Task Force on Education (1994) Final report. This was stated about Pre-Schools. PICTURE. But yes we do have active kindergartens in many schools. I know for sure on the island of Eleuthera there is the kindergarten section in all of the primary schools. But upon my research I found that there are kindergarten sections in only a few schools here in New Providence. Example: The Bahamas Academy School. Here is a quick look at their curriculum. Then there is one in Yellow Elder Gardens and Elizabeth Estates. REPORTING TODAY FROM THE EDUCATIONAL CHANNEL, I’M VASHTE’ NAIRN.

Creation Stories of Babylon, Egypt, and Genesis Essay -- Creationism C

Creation myths of Babylon, Egypt, and Genesis There are many similarities in the Babylonian, Egyptian, and Genesis stories. In all the stories one god creates man and explains how all things on earth come to being. They also set up their calendars and show examples of evil within each story to set up moral rules for man to live by. How do these elements compare between each of these stories? In the Babylonian myth the God Marduk creates man from the blood of another god Kingu. â€Å"Blood will I compose, bring a skeleton into being, Produce a lowly, primitive creature, ‘Man’ shall be his name.† In Egyptian myth the God Rae creates man and takes this form. In the Genesis story there is only one God, he creates man in the image of himself. In the Babylonian and Egyptian stories, the major difference is they have many Gods. Also, in the Genesis story God creates man in his likeness, this might be the case with the Babylonian story, but that is not clear. The major similarity is that all three of the stories only have one God that creates mankind. All the stories show how things came onto the Earth and how it was made; they also set up their calendars at the same time. In the Babylonian story, Marduk is granted the power of speaking something and it will come to being and if he spoke it again it would come out of being. Marduk becomes king, greater than all the Gods, after slaying the God Tiamat. Then later the defeat and capture of Tiamat’s army and commander Kingu. â€Å"He ma...

Food and Beverage Packaging Innovation Essay

Beverage giant Coca-Cola wants to get a little love for its iconic cola drink from the upscale consumer set, so its decided to create and test-market a sleek set of contoured aluminum bottles for its flagship Coke brand. Yes, we said aluminum bottles. The Atlanta, Georgia USA-based beverage company chose the annual Consumer Analyst Group of New York conference in the Big Apple last Friday (February 22) to introduce the attractive, new 250-ml soda bottles, which come in red, black and silver aluminum. Thus far, the beverage company is offering its regular Coke, Diet Coke and Coke Zero varieties in the red (pictured at left), black and silver aluminum bottles. A Coca-Cola executive at the conference on Friday said the company is test-marketing the upscale-looking aluminum pop bottles in the U. S. , and wanted to introduce them to the influential consumer analysts group as way to get attention and feedback on the new packaging concept. Coke isn’t doing away with its soda cans or plastic bottles. Rather, its test-marketing the aluminum containers as a new packaging option. The beverage marketer also hopes the new, sleek look will attract more younger consumers who are always looking for the next new thing, along with more higher-income, upscale consumers who are into style. Currently, Coca-Cola isn’t selling its snazzy, aluminum-bottled Coke varieties in retail stores. Rather, they have been introduced thus far in select night clubs and bars, and offered for sale at some special events. The beverage marketer is however selling a version of its fairly new Coca-Cola Blak (pictured at left), a carbonated coffee-cola beverage, in a brown and black colored 250-ml contoured aluminum bottle in France. the aluminum bottle’s color is very similar to the color of the carbonated coffee beverage inside. In 2006, Cocoa-Cola bottled Coke and Diet Coke in similar sleek silver aluminum bottles for its year-long M5 promotion. The bottles, which were made for the beverage marketer by Exal USA, won a number of industry product packaging awards and were grabbed-up by consumers as collectors items. Coke also recently introduced a version of its Caribou brand iced coffee line in small aluminum bottles. And Coca-Cola’s number one competitor in the carbonated soda category, PepsiCo, has introduced a version of its Mountain Dew soda brand in aluminum bottles. Exal USA also produces the current red, black and silver contoured aluminum bottles Coca-Cola is test-marketing in the night clubs and at selected venues, and is thinking about introducing to retail food and beverage stores. Coca-Cola is far from the first U. S. everage company to introduce its drinks in aluminum bottles. In fact, the concept of packaging beverages in aluminum bottles begin taking off in the U. S. about two years ago. Juice marketers, energy drink-type bottlers, beer companies and others began introducing beverage products in aluminum bottles in 2005, and the practice is growing. The trend also is catching on in places like France, Australia and Mexico, where some bottlers are doing the same. In Austral ia, beer brand marketer Fosters recently introduced â€Å"Crown Lager† in attractive gold aluminum bottles. Fosters is now exporting the aluminum-clad lager to the U. S. as well. In Mexico, a new beverage called â€Å"Hot Hangover Tea† is being marketed in silver, red and black aluminum bottles. The tea-based drink is said to cure a hangover in addition to tasting good. Of course, is one is drunk and drops the fairly heavy aluminum bottle on a toe, the cure might be worse than the affliction. French juice company Teisseire is marketing a line of juice cordials in 330-ml aluminum containers in retail food stores, cafes and other venues in France. The bottles have a specially-shaped neck which is designed to make it easy for kids to grip. The bottle’s graphics are colorful and bold against a brushed aluminum background. Teisseire–as do all the other beverage companies–say a key selling point of the aluminum bottles, in addition to the sleek look, is that they chill rapidly. The bottles also are 100% aluminum so are recyclable as well. The beer category in particularly is seeing a mini-explosion in the use of aluminum bottles on a selective basis. In addition to Australia’s Fosters, U. S. raft beer marketer High Falls Brewing Company, based in Rochester, New York, has two varieties of beer–Pale Ale and Honey Brown lager–which come in aluminum bottles, and which are selling extremely well, especially in bars and clubs–but also in supermarkets, convenience and liquor stores. Other brewers are following suit and introducing varieties of their beers in aluminum bottles. Being such an international iconic brand though, the fact that Coca-Cola has introduced three of its Coke varieties in the sleek, contoured aluminum bottles is a big deal. Coke’s innovation goes a long way in helping to legitimize the aluminum bottles as viable beverage packaging options. It will obviously be interesting to see if Coca-Cola decides to expand its current pilot-test of the of the contoured aluminum-bottled sodas beyond the night clubs and selected special event venues anytime soon. The company executive at the New York conference said the success of the current pilot programs would be the primary determining factor regarding if and when Coke expands distribution of the aluminum -glad soft drinks nationally to food and beverage stores. It seems to use the Coke in the contoured aluminum bottles would be perfect for selected distribution to upscale retailers like Whole Foods Market, Target, Cost-Plus World Market, Trader Joe’s and the numerous regional, upscale food retailers throughout the U. S. , like Publix in Florida, H. E. B. in Texas, Bristol Farms and Gelson’s in Southern California, Wegman’s on the East Coast, and many others. The same in the UK with retailer’s like Waitrose, Sainsbury’s and Tesco, for example. We don’t see the aluminum bottles becoming a big-selling mainstay of the giant beverage company’s brand line-up though. Price competition is too aggressive in the carbonated soft drink beverage category to do any serious volume with a package that isn’t dirt cheap to produce, bottle and sell. However, we think the sleek, contoured aluminum Coke drinks could do very well as a niche item at the upscale-type of retailers we mentioned above, as well as be a big hit at higher-end night clubs across the U. S. and internationally. Think New York and Miami in the USA, London, Moscow, Mexico City and a few other international cities where style and beverage choice seem to be synonymous these days. For trend-setting consumers, packaging can be King. Not only that, but if a consumer saves enough of the sturdy, aluminum Coke bottles, they can even melt them down and make something out of them: perhaps a backyard BBQ, a post-modern aluminum planter box for the garden, or a sleek red or silver aluminum wagon for junior. In fact, perhaps Coca-Cola should launch a contest. Perhaps something like: Design the best item made out of used Coke aluminum soda bottles. Not only would that be fun marketing, it would be the green thing to do. After all, reuse is even better than recycling from an environmental standpoint.

Essay on “Bread Givers” by Anzia Yezierska

Bread Givers Essay: Sara’s Identity In the book â€Å"Bread Givers† by Anzia Yezierska a young girl from poland grows up in america. Set in the 1920s conditions for immigrants living in the United States were tough, not to mention living in the lower East side of Manhattan, New York. Reb Smolinsky the father of Sara in this book really tries on impressing his beliefs onto his children for he is very set on his traditional ways. This becomes a very prominent underlying to the story as Sara grows throughout the book moving from her fathers beliefs to her own.This clash between the â€Å"old way† of doing things and her new american life style Sara breaks free from this conflict in finding her own identity in this new world. By doing so Sara really connect and Identifies with three main factors in her life independence, education and hard work. With these three basic elements in Sara’s life she really transitions into her own being and self identity. Througho ut most of the beginning of the book Sara is oppressed by her father’s tyranny that drives her to crave independence.After her father demolishes the lives of Sara’s three other sisters she â€Å"began to see that Father, in his innocent craziness to hold up the Light of the Law to his children, was as a tyrant more terrible than the Tsar from Russia† (Yezierska, 64-65). As this is just the beginning of Sara’s unrest with her father it is none the less the beginning of the end for their relationship. Because she does come to the end of her patience with her father. With him constantly beating her her down she would never be able to vocalize or blossom into her own ideas or beliefs.He would constrict all of her self identity out if she was unable to break free from him. â€Å"I’m smart enough to look out for myself. It’s a new life now. In America, women don’t need men to boss them† (Yezierska, 137). Sara finally speaks her mind along with realizing she is able to break free from tradition and be independent in this new world. America had really shaped her ideals and helped to create that pathway to break away. As she is independent she discovers herself through the freedom of being on her own. As seen when she is finally in freedom on her own. â€Å"My hands clutched at the knob. This door was life.It was air. The bottom starting-point of becoming a person. I simply must have this room with the shut door† (Yezierska, 159) Having her own place would create the birth spot for her dreams and aspirations. By now having her own place she is able to cut herself from her family and their hold on her opinions. She is able to break free and now allow her the freedom needed to discover her identity. As she clearly states when she says â€Å"starting-point of becoming a person†, this defines her. Education makes its impression on Sarah when she immediately connects and realizes her dream of becoming a t eacher.Giving education a high value in her life. â€Å"A school teacher-I! I saw myself sitting back like a lady at my desk, the children, their eyes on me, watching and waiting for me to call out the different ones to the board, to spell a word, or answer me a question. It was like looking up to the top of the highest skyscraper while down in the gutter† (Yezierska, 155). When she imagines what this one girl had done she realized thats what she wants. This teacher symbolizes a better life for Sara, a life Sara is determined to achieve. The only thing keeping her from achieving this is education.Education becomes what she believes to be the only gateway to the better life she wants. I becomes what defines her as her and changes her status. Finally starting her way to her dream she goes to school. While there she gets her dream and love of education rekindled. â€Å"There was one in the school who was what I dreamed a teacher to be- the principal, Mr. Hugo Seeling. He kept t hat living thing, that fame, that i used to worship as a child† (Yezierska, 270). The passion she describes here is what directly comes from her and her desire. She puts teaching and education on a pedestal just like hr father puts his faith.She strives to get that same identity with education as a teacher as her father does with the Torah and his religion. Even Fania compares them saying â€Å"Come, Bessie. Let’s leave her to her mad education. She’s worse than Father with his Holy Torah† (Yezierska, 178). This shows how strongly Sara really takes education in her life. Just like the Torah is her fathers identity this is hers'. Sara even when she was young believed in hard work. She wouldn’t hold herself to a lower standard even if it was easier. When she goes to buy herring from Muhmenkeh the elderly women offers to give them to her free.In which Sara replies â€Å"No–no! I’m no beggar! I want to go into business like a person. I mu st buy what I got to sell† (Yezierska, 21). Even as a young child Sara refuses to take the easy route and accept this charity. She wants to earn it for herself and rise above the life of a beggar. To not let herself be defined and lumped with the poor low lives that don’t take the initiative to do better in life. This hard work is what fuels her to achieve her dreams. As wonderful as living and being on her own is Sara quickly figures out how hard it is.Because in order to pursue her dream she must work hard in order to support herself while going to school. Not to mention give herself time to study and understand what she is learning in order to move on in school. â€Å"As you had to shut your eyes to the dirt, so you must shut your ears to the noise. A quietness within me soothed my tortured nerves. I turned to my books on the table, and with fierce determination to sink myself into my head, I began my lesson again† (Yezierska, 164). She pushes herself through this hard time unlike most people in hard times that just give up.Instead she pushes onward and later on sees the reward of her hard work. Through these hard ships they mold her more and more into who Sara Smolinsky is and becomes. With out this determination and freedom of thought she would never have created her identity for herself. There are many other factors throughout the book that take its toll on Sara’s life and shape the way she changes. Although these three are the most strongly associated with how she identifies herself because these are all characteristics that are unique to her. By the end of the book Sara has fully embraced these and discovered herself.

Musicmakesmehigh Essays - African-American Culture, Music, Hip Hop

Musicmakesmehigh Essays - African-American Culture, Music, Hip Hop Musicmakesmehigh Often times when people hear about Hip Hop/Rap music, theyfll paint a picture in their heads of black men cussing, guns, marijuana, lots of gold, and girls looking like prostitutes. Parents and teachers put an image in their kidfs head that Rap music is gbadh, and they donft want their kids to be influenced by something that is negative. With the way Rap music is advertised in the US, I would have to agree with that looking at it from an average parentfs point of view. But what people donft know is that Hip Hop isnft just a type of music, itfs a culture. Itfs a culture full of original elements, and itfs also a place where people can show others what theyfve got and who they are. Within this original society called Hip Hop, there are basically four main elements of MC, Break, Tag, and DJ. And each is represented by millions of people all over the globe. When the four come together, it makes Hip Hop music, and people live the music instead of listening to it. MC-ing is what people know as rapping. The main point of an MC is to make your crowd enjoy your music, and to send a message out to them. Unlike most of the lyrics out on the market today, Hip Hop contains meaning and it sends a message to the listeners. Although those messages might have bad words,and show images of things that are socially wrong, thatfs actually whatfs going on where they are from, and thatfs who they are. Their music represents their area and their people, and itfs no different from a farmer singing about his cows and chickens in Idaho. Besides, gGangster Raph isn ft the only type of Hip Hop music, itfs actually only a small sect of it all. Many rappers put out lyrics about what they believe in, their own philosophies, entertaining others, and although it may seem unlikely, many lyricists seem like Einstein to me. Just like all of the other geniuses like Newton, Galileo, and musically Jimi, there are MCs that are geniuses too. What makes those guys remarkable compared to others are their strength and choice of words, and their flow, or the melody, of their rhymes. I personally canft relate to the ghetto, guns, and all of that ggangsterh stuff, so I donft listen to that genre all that much, but there are many elements people can pick up from the Hip Hop music. There is a whole Japanese Hip Hop scene that is growing bigger and bigger, and thatfs what I personally live. The next element is Breaking. Breaking is a term used for dancing, and most people know it as Break Dancing. Although Breaking has become a small part of the whole dance scene in Hip Hop today, itfs the first form of Hip Hop dances. People spin on their heads, do handstands, slide with just their hands on the ground, spin on the floor with their legs spread out, and all kinds of astonishing moves. This is probably the most popular form of Hip Hop in Japan today because its so easy to begin and watch. DJs have one simple task: make people dance. Or thatfs what it used to be. Before, their main goal was to have the knowledge of the music so they can make people dance according to the mood and time. Also scratching records were their performance. Now, DJs have lots more jobs and probably the toughest element of all. Most DJs team up with MCs so they can act as the rhythm section of the Hip Hop performance, and to do that and be original,they must create sounds of their own. They basically make the beats and the MCs lay the words on it. The steps to be able to make beats and tracks takes lots of time, money, and mind, so most DJs donft/canft take a step further into the scene. Today, more and more artists are creating their own tracks, for the money, and they tend to realize that they canft be rapping at age 40 while its perfectly normal for a 40 year old to be playing the guitar. It fs not wrong to say that DJs are the backbones